Any time a diesel engine produces black smoke, it’s doing so because too much fuel is entering the engine. The danger then is that the engine will start to run hot and that can cause all sorts of meltdowns. But combined with a knocking noise, black smoke can also signal serious internal engine damage.

The best advice is to not drive it any farther and get a diesel specialist to look at it. Diesel engines often make a knocking noise as a normal part of their operation, but if this noise has changed, then something’s wrong.

Let’s start at the start. The SVS light on your car stands for 'Service Vehicle Soon'. Fundamentally, it’s telling you that something is not right somewhere on the vehicle and the computer has logged the fault. That’s why a scan showed up the code PO661.

On this vehicle, code PO661 relates to the electronics that control the swirl valve inside the intake manifold. This valve works to create the maximum gas velocity inside the intake runners and, therefore, gain the cleanest, most complete burn of the fuel and air entering the engine. If this valve is not operating properly, you may find a loss of power as the turbocharger won’t be working at its most efficient. In some cases, the same fault code can show up because of a problem with the engine’s EGR valve which is also part of the engine’s intake system. This may require the manifold to be removed and manually cleaned.

However, it’s unlikely to be anything to do with the car’s air-conditioning system, which is more likely to be a coincidence. That said, if the engine is running hotter than normal because the intake system is not working properly, then the car may have an interlock that prevents the air-con coming on to help keep coolant temperatures at bay.

The first thought here is that you’re dealing with a dodgy throttle-position sensor or some other sensor that is giving the on-board computer a reason not to exceed 2500rpm. Or tricking the computer into thinking that the engine is spinning faster than it really is. Have you had the vehicle scanned? It’s a cheap way of reducing a lot of the guesswork in a case like this.

Like any engine, of course, a turbo-diesel won’t rev beyond the speed that the fuel supply can support. You say you’ve changed the fuel filter, but have you checked the pump pressure and the fuel-delivery rate? A problem with the pump or fuel lines could easily produce the symptoms you have. You could even have a blocked fuel pick-up in the tank.

The other problem with modern turbo-diesels is that they are prone to clogging their intake systems with a black gunk that is a by-product of soot and oil mist from the vehicle’s exhaust-gas recirculation and crankcase-ventilation systems respectively. This black, ooze can sometimes almost completely block the intake path for air entering the engine and will cause all sorts of dramas, including the one you’re seeing.